Chapter 326: Shockabsorbing carriage
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Guda Vinci and his team of craftsmen, motivated by Marin's reward, worked overtime to develop spring steel. Da Vinci, in particular, worked hard to get Marin's support and marry Lisa.
Finally, Da Vinci and the craftsmen developed a little lack of spring steel ...
The so-called defect is because the 65Mn ordinary spring steel they made lacks the chromium and nickel components. Although the content of these two elements needs to be minimal, it still has a slight impact on the quality. Moreover, other ingredients, such as manganese, silicon, copper, etc., are available.
But Da Vinci and others are very troublesome in order to control the proportion of requirements given by Marin. Manganese is naturally a soft manganese ore purchased by Marin and sent to Venice. Copper is better. But silicon, Da Vinci is not very clear about what silicon is. So Marin simply asked him to add high-purity quartz sand to the steel crucible. Then he gave him a calculation formula, telling him both the proportion of manganese content in soft manganese ore and the proportion of silicon element in quartz sand.
In this way, Da Vinci and others finally came up with a slightly flawed (chrome-nickel-free) spring steel. Then, the troubles encountered during the quenching stage.
的 Artisans of this era are basically used to water quenching. Water quenching makes spring steel harder, but it is also more brittle and affects the spring's elasticity.
Eventually, Marin suggested that they be quenched with oil. As it happens, the whaler killed a small whale and brought back a lot of whale oil. So Marin let them try to quench with whale oil. Then, the spring steel was successful.
In fact, Marin remembers that the hardening of special steel is a very deep knowledge in later generations. In addition to water quenching and oil quenching, various chemicals are added to the quenching liquid to enhance the performance of the steel.
But Marin obviously does not understand the quenching process, only knows that there are water quenching and oil quenching, as well as the two-medium quenching that mixes water quenching and oil quenching. But two-medium quenching is very troublesome to study, and he doesn't want any high-grade spring, so he simply uses oil quenching.
Because of the lack of chromium and nickel, and the technology is not as modern as it is, Marin estimates that this No. 65 spring steel is not as modern as it is. Therefore, after winding out a very thick vehicle spring, it was found that its bearing capacity was limited.
Marin had not driven a car in his previous life, but he had spring shock absorbers on the wheels of pedal electric cars. The principle is very simple, that is, a thick spiral spring is covered on the outside of a steel cylinder similar to a gas cylinder.
气 When pressure is transmitted from the frame, the “pump handle” will transmit the pressure to the spring. The spring began to deform, but because the spring was restricted by a steel cylinder similar to a gas cylinder, there would not be lateral deformation, only longitudinal deformation.
When the spring is deformed, the pressure from the frame is fully offset, which greatly reduces the vibration of the vehicle body. Marin directed the craftsmen to make four spring shock absorbers, which were placed between the frame and wheels of a wagon and tested.
It turned out that the four largest spring shock absorbers they could make could add up to 1.5 tons of cabin weight. No matter how heavy the spring is, it can easily be crushed. This kind of bearing capacity is most often used in later generations on small-displacement private cars. Slightly larger private cars will not work.
But in this era, the carriage of the wagon was not heavy. General closed cars with two people weigh less than 1 ton. Only like the British golden carriage, carrying several people, the weight will reach 3 tons. Of course, that is also because the carriage is too tyrant, not only has a lot of space, but also uses a large amount of dense gold, causing the weight of the carriage to exceed 3 tons.
In general two-seater carriages, even if the carriages are covered with steel plates and passengers, the weight will not exceed 1.5 tons. So Marin immediately ordered the craftsman to build a two-seater carriage with glass windows and glass windows (also can squeeze 3 people) to control the weight of the carriage (including 3 passengers) to 1.5 tons and install A spring shock absorber.
After testing, the new carriage has very good shock absorption performance (compared to the carriage without shock absorber), and it is extremely comfortable to ride. Equipped with the ball bearings made before, the new carriage is extremely comfortable.
Alas, Marin invited Angela and her mother-in-law and Felice to ride. The three women were amazed when they rode on this wagon with good shock absorption.
Then, Angela renewed her enthusiasm for traveling around in a carriage. You know, riding a carriage without a shock absorber bumped people every time. With shock absorbers now, the carriage should not be too comfortable.
The saddle horse Lawton talked about by the ancients is actually not very profound for modern people. Because modern vehicles have shock absorbers. Modern people take long-distance buses, and many people actually fall asleep comfortably along the way.
But try changing to an ancient carriage? That was a bump. Maybe you just fell asleep, and suddenly a violent jolt suddenly “woke up” and suddenly woke you up, and made you extremely uncomfortable.
Moreover, there were no smooth concrete roads and asphalt roads in ancient times, and most of the roads were rugged. Without shock absorbers, people can spit out overnight dinners.
So, in ancient times, every time you took a carriage to go far away, it was a very painful thing, especially for people with weak constitutions. Even young men like Marin are very uncomfortable in riding carriages. Every time he goes out, Marin rides a horse. Although riding is also bumpy, as long as you master the skills and adjust your body according to the rhythm of the horse, it is not as uncomfortable as a carriage. Only those who can't ride a horse sit stiffly on a saddle can cause uncomfortable bumps.
When Angela's mother and daughter took a new carriage to and fro from Orich to Emden, Angela excitedly told Marin that she actually slept comfortably on the carriage.
Marin actually disagrees (when did the older brother not sleep on the long-distance bus?), But on the surface, he still looked as surprised as Angela's expectations ...
In fact, if Marin is not in safety considerations, steel plate protection has been added to prevent assassination. It is no problem to use a convertible mode or a wooden body to carry four strong men.
Next, Marin asked the craftsmen to make several spring shock absorbers and hit several other carriages. However, relatively thick shock-absorbing springs are difficult to wind and machine. During the process, even the most skilled craftsmen are prone to scrap. Therefore, this kind of spring is doomed to produce no energy.
Because of its limited bearing capacity, it cannot be applied to a carriage. This is because the weight of carriages often exceeds 1.5 tons. Even if a shock-absorbing spring is installed, it is easily crushed.
However, Marin made shock-absorbing springs, not originally for shipping, but for the nobility to enjoy. As a result, all members of the Huffman family, www.novelhall.com, got a shock-absorbing carriage for easy travel.
Then, the homes of the brothers Schwarz, Flenzberg, and Kahnkeller, as well as Jeffery and other dignitaries, also received Marlin prizes for shock-absorbing carriages.
For a while, the shock-absorbing carriage became the best choice for the nobles of East Frisian. Because riding a shock-absorbing carriage is so comfortable. Many noble family members started to ride horse-drawn carriages, walk around, and even engage in parties between ladies. Of course, it also means to show off your own carriage.
For example, the family members of some families who received the Marin reward often ran to the homes of the good sisters who were not rewarded with a shock-absorbing carriage, and invited the good sisters to ride a comfortable shock-absorbing carriage together. Then, looking at the envious eyes of the good sister with great enjoyment.
The most important thing is that the shock-absorbing carriage cannot be copied by others. Some blacksmiths did begin to imitate Marin's shock absorbers and came up with springs. However, they are springs wound with ordinary iron, not even steel. Then, the shock-absorbing carriages in those cottages worked well for the first few times. After using them a few times, the springs deformed or broke directly, almost causing serious accidents. The deformed spring can no longer provide shock absorption. As a result, the cottage's shock-absorbing carriages quickly withdrew from the market ...
Marin's carriages are not only of good quality, they also indicate the maximum load capacity of each carriage. Because the maximum weight of a carriage can not exceed 1.5 tons. Therefore, after each carriage is sent out, Marin will use 1.5 tons to subtract the weight of the carriage, mark the maximum number of pounds, and warn the user not to overload, otherwise the shock absorber will fail. In addition, because the spring does not prevent rust, it usually needs more oil for protection. Once the spring has rusted, it needs to be replaced in time. Otherwise, rusted spring steel is also easy to break ...
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Guda Vinci and his team of craftsmen, motivated by Marin's reward, worked overtime to develop spring steel. Da Vinci, in particular, worked hard to get Marin's support and marry Lisa.
Finally, Da Vinci and the craftsmen developed a little lack of spring steel ...
The so-called defect is because the 65Mn ordinary spring steel they made lacks the chromium and nickel components. Although the content of these two elements needs to be minimal, it still has a slight impact on the quality. Moreover, other ingredients, such as manganese, silicon, copper, etc., are available.
But Da Vinci and others are very troublesome in order to control the proportion of requirements given by Marin. Manganese is naturally a soft manganese ore purchased by Marin and sent to Venice. Copper is better. But silicon, Da Vinci is not very clear about what silicon is. So Marin simply asked him to add high-purity quartz sand to the steel crucible. Then he gave him a calculation formula, telling him both the proportion of manganese content in soft manganese ore and the proportion of silicon element in quartz sand.
In this way, Da Vinci and others finally came up with a slightly flawed (chrome-nickel-free) spring steel. Then, the troubles encountered during the quenching stage.
的 Artisans of this era are basically used to water quenching. Water quenching makes spring steel harder, but it is also more brittle and affects the spring's elasticity.
Eventually, Marin suggested that they be quenched with oil. As it happens, the whaler killed a small whale and brought back a lot of whale oil. So Marin let them try to quench with whale oil. Then, the spring steel was successful.
In fact, Marin remembers that the hardening of special steel is a very deep knowledge in later generations. In addition to water quenching and oil quenching, various chemicals are added to the quenching liquid to enhance the performance of the steel.
But Marin obviously does not understand the quenching process, only knows that there are water quenching and oil quenching, as well as the two-medium quenching that mixes water quenching and oil quenching. But two-medium quenching is very troublesome to study, and he doesn't want any high-grade spring, so he simply uses oil quenching.
Because of the lack of chromium and nickel, and the technology is not as modern as it is, Marin estimates that this No. 65 spring steel is not as modern as it is. Therefore, after winding out a very thick vehicle spring, it was found that its bearing capacity was limited.
Marin had not driven a car in his previous life, but he had spring shock absorbers on the wheels of pedal electric cars. The principle is very simple, that is, a thick spiral spring is covered on the outside of a steel cylinder similar to a gas cylinder.
气 When pressure is transmitted from the frame, the “pump handle” will transmit the pressure to the spring. The spring began to deform, but because the spring was restricted by a steel cylinder similar to a gas cylinder, there would not be lateral deformation, only longitudinal deformation.
When the spring is deformed, the pressure from the frame is fully offset, which greatly reduces the vibration of the vehicle body. Marin directed the craftsmen to make four spring shock absorbers, which were placed between the frame and wheels of a wagon and tested.
It turned out that the four largest spring shock absorbers they could make could add up to 1.5 tons of cabin weight. No matter how heavy the spring is, it can easily be crushed. This kind of bearing capacity is most often used in later generations on small-displacement private cars. Slightly larger private cars will not work.
But in this era, the carriage of the wagon was not heavy. General closed cars with two people weigh less than 1 ton. Only like the British golden carriage, carrying several people, the weight will reach 3 tons. Of course, that is also because the carriage is too tyrant, not only has a lot of space, but also uses a large amount of dense gold, causing the weight of the carriage to exceed 3 tons.
In general two-seater carriages, even if the carriages are covered with steel plates and passengers, the weight will not exceed 1.5 tons. So Marin immediately ordered the craftsman to build a two-seater carriage with glass windows and glass windows (also can squeeze 3 people) to control the weight of the carriage (including 3 passengers) to 1.5 tons and install A spring shock absorber.
After testing, the new carriage has very good shock absorption performance (compared to the carriage without shock absorber), and it is extremely comfortable to ride. Equipped with the ball bearings made before, the new carriage is extremely comfortable.
Alas, Marin invited Angela and her mother-in-law and Felice to ride. The three women were amazed when they rode on this wagon with good shock absorption.
Then, Angela renewed her enthusiasm for traveling around in a carriage. You know, riding a carriage without a shock absorber bumped people every time. With shock absorbers now, the carriage should not be too comfortable.
The saddle horse Lawton talked about by the ancients is actually not very profound for modern people. Because modern vehicles have shock absorbers. Modern people take long-distance buses, and many people actually fall asleep comfortably along the way.
But try changing to an ancient carriage? That was a bump. Maybe you just fell asleep, and suddenly a violent jolt suddenly “woke up” and suddenly woke you up, and made you extremely uncomfortable.
Moreover, there were no smooth concrete roads and asphalt roads in ancient times, and most of the roads were rugged. Without shock absorbers, people can spit out overnight dinners.
So, in ancient times, every time you took a carriage to go far away, it was a very painful thing, especially for people with weak constitutions. Even young men like Marin are very uncomfortable in riding carriages. Every time he goes out, Marin rides a horse. Although riding is also bumpy, as long as you master the skills and adjust your body according to the rhythm of the horse, it is not as uncomfortable as a carriage. Only those who can't ride a horse sit stiffly on a saddle can cause uncomfortable bumps.
When Angela's mother and daughter took a new carriage to and fro from Orich to Emden, Angela excitedly told Marin that she actually slept comfortably on the carriage.
Marin actually disagrees (when did the older brother not sleep on the long-distance bus?), But on the surface, he still looked as surprised as Angela's expectations ...
In fact, if Marin is not in safety considerations, steel plate protection has been added to prevent assassination. It is no problem to use a convertible mode or a wooden body to carry four strong men.
Next, Marin asked the craftsmen to make several spring shock absorbers and hit several other carriages. However, relatively thick shock-absorbing springs are difficult to wind and machine. During the process, even the most skilled craftsmen are prone to scrap. Therefore, this kind of spring is doomed to produce no energy.
Because of its limited bearing capacity, it cannot be applied to a carriage. This is because the weight of carriages often exceeds 1.5 tons. Even if a shock-absorbing spring is installed, it is easily crushed.
However, Marin made shock-absorbing springs, not originally for shipping, but for the nobility to enjoy. As a result, all members of the Huffman family, www.novelhall.com, got a shock-absorbing carriage for easy travel.
Then, the homes of the brothers Schwarz, Flenzberg, and Kahnkeller, as well as Jeffery and other dignitaries, also received Marlin prizes for shock-absorbing carriages.
For a while, the shock-absorbing carriage became the best choice for the nobles of East Frisian. Because riding a shock-absorbing carriage is so comfortable. Many noble family members started to ride horse-drawn carriages, walk around, and even engage in parties between ladies. Of course, it also means to show off your own carriage.
For example, the family members of some families who received the Marin reward often ran to the homes of the good sisters who were not rewarded with a shock-absorbing carriage, and invited the good sisters to ride a comfortable shock-absorbing carriage together. Then, looking at the envious eyes of the good sister with great enjoyment.
The most important thing is that the shock-absorbing carriage cannot be copied by others. Some blacksmiths did begin to imitate Marin's shock absorbers and came up with springs. However, they are springs wound with ordinary iron, not even steel. Then, the shock-absorbing carriages in those cottages worked well for the first few times. After using them a few times, the springs deformed or broke directly, almost causing serious accidents. The deformed spring can no longer provide shock absorption. As a result, the cottage's shock-absorbing carriages quickly withdrew from the market ...
Marin's carriages are not only of good quality, they also indicate the maximum load capacity of each carriage. Because the maximum weight of a carriage can not exceed 1.5 tons. Therefore, after each carriage is sent out, Marin will use 1.5 tons to subtract the weight of the carriage, mark the maximum number of pounds, and warn the user not to overload, otherwise the shock absorber will fail. In addition, because the spring does not prevent rust, it usually needs more oil for protection. Once the spring has rusted, it needs to be replaced in time. Otherwise, rusted spring steel is also easy to break ...
Guda Vinci and his team of craftsmen, motivated by Marin's reward, worked overtime to develop spring steel. Da Vinci, in particular, worked hard to get Marin's support and marry Lisa.Finally, Da Vinci and the craftsmen developed a little lack of spring steel ...The so-called defect is because the 65Mn ordinary spring steel they made lacks the chromium and nickel components. Although the content of these two elements needs to be minimal, it still has a slight impact on the quality. Moreover, other ingredients, such as manganese, silicon, copper, etc., are available.But Da Vinci and others are very troublesome in order to control the proportion of requirements given by Marin. Manganese is naturally a soft manganese ore purchased by Marin and sent to Venice. Copper is better. But silicon, Da Vinci is not very clear about what silicon is. So Marin simply asked him to add high-purity quartz sand to the steel crucible. Then he gave him a calculation formula, telling him both the proportion of manganese content in soft manganese ore and the proportion of silicon element in quartz sand.In this way, Da Vinci and others finally came up with a slightly flawed chrome-nickel-free spring steel. Then, the troubles encountered during the quenching stage. Artisans of this era are basically used to water quenching. Water quenching makes spring steel harder, but it is also more brittle and affects the spring's elasticity.Eventually, Marin suggested that they be quenched with oil. As it happens, the whaler killed a small whale and brought back a lot of whale oil. So Marin let them try to quench with whale oil. Then, the spring steel was successful.In fact, Marin remembers that the hardening of special steel is a very deep knowledge in later generations. In addition to water quenching and oil quenching, various chemicals are added to the quenching liquid to enhance the performance of the steel.But Marin obviously does not understand the quenching process, only knows that there are water quenching and oil quenching, as well as the two-medium quenching that mixes water quenching and oil quenching. But two-medium quenching is very troublesome to study, and he doesn't want any high-grade spring, so he simply uses oil quenching.Because of the lack of chromium and nickel, and the technology is not as modern as it is, Marin estimates that this No. 65 spring steel is not as modern as it is. Therefore, after winding out a very thick vehicle spring, it was found that its bearing capacity was limited.Marin had not driven a car in his previous life, but he had spring shock absorbers on the wheels of pedal electric cars. The principle is very simple, that is, a thick spiral spring is covered on the outside of a steel cylinder similar to a gas cylinder. When pressure is transmitted from the frame, the pump handle will transmit the pressure to the spring. The spring began to deform, but because the spring was restricted by a steel cylinder similar to a gas cylinder, there would not be lateral deformation, only longitudinal deformation.When the spring is deformed, the pressure from the frame is fully offset, which greatly reduces the vibration of the vehicle body. Marin directed the craftsmen to make four spring shock absorbers, which were placed between the frame and wheels of a wagon and tested.It turned out that the four largest spring shock absorbers they could make could add up to 1.5 tons of cabin weight. No matter how heavy the spring is, it can easily be crushed. This kind of bearing capacity is most often used in later generations on small-displacement private cars. Slightly larger private cars will not work.But in this era, the carriage of the wagon was not heavy. General closed cars with two people weigh less than 1 ton. Only like the British golden carriage, carrying several people, the weight will reach 3 tons. Of course, that is also because the carriage is too tyrant, not only has a lot of space, but also uses a large amount of dense gold, causing the weight of the carriage to exceed 3 tons.In general two-seater carriages, even if the carriages are covered with steel plates and passengers, the weight will not exceed 1.5 tons. So Marin immediately ordered the craftsman to build a two-seater carriage with glass windows and glass windows also can squeeze 3 people to control the weight of the carriage including 3 passengers to 1.5 tons and install A spring shock absorber.After testing, the new carriage has very good shock absorption performance compared to the carriage without shock absorber, and it is extremely comfortable to ride. Equipped with the ball bearings made before, the new carriage is extremely comfortable.Alas, Marin invited Angela and her mother-in-law and Felice to ride. The three women were amazed when they rode on this wagon with good shock absorption.Then, Angela renewed her enthusiasm for traveling around in a carriage. You know, riding a carriage without a shock absorber bumped people every time. With shock absorbers now, the carriage should not be too comfortable.The saddle horse Lawton talked about by the ancients is actually not very profound for modern people. Because modern vehicles have shock absorbers. Modern people take long-distance buses, and many people actually fall asleep comfortably along the way.But try changing to an ancient carriage? That was a bump. Maybe you just fell asleep, and suddenly a violent jolt suddenly woke up and suddenly woke you up, and made you extremely uncomfortable.Moreover, there were no smooth concrete roads and asphalt roads in ancient times, and most of the roads were rugged. Without shock absorbers, people can spit out overnight dinners.So, in ancient times, every time you took a carriage to go far away, it was a very painful thing, especially for people with weak constitutions. Even young men like Marin are very uncomfortable in riding carriages. Every time he goes out, Marin rides a horse. Although riding is also bumpy, as long as you master the skills and adjust your body according to the rhythm of the horse, it is not as uncomfortable as a carriage. Only those who can't ride a horse sit stiffly on a saddle can cause uncomfortable bumps.When Angela's mother and daughter took a new carriage to and fro from Orich to Emden, Angela excitedly told Marin that she actually slept comfortably on the carriage.Marin actually disagrees when did the older brother not sleep on the long-distance bus?, But on the surface, he still looked as surprised as Angela's expectations ...In fact, if Marin is not in safety considerations, steel plate protection has been added to prevent assassination. It is no problem to use a convertible mode or a wooden body to carry four strong men.Next, Marin asked the craftsmen to make several spring shock absorbers and hit several other carriages. However, relatively thick shock-absorbing springs are difficult to wind and machine. During the process, even the most skilled craftsmen are prone to scrap. Therefore, this kind of spring is doomed to produce no energy.Because of its limited bearing capacity, it cannot be applied to a carriage. This is because the weight of carriages often exceeds 1.5 tons. Even if a shock-absorbing spring is installed, it is easily crushed.However, Marin made shock-absorbing springs, not originally for shipping, but for the nobility to enjoy. As a result, all members of the Huffman family, www.novelhall.com, got a shock-absorbing carriage for easy travel.Then, the homes of the brothers Schwarz, Flenzberg, and Kahnkeller, as well as Jeffery and other dignitaries, also received Marlin prizes for shock-absorbing carriages.For a while, the shock-absorbing carriage became the best choice for the nobles of East Frisian. Because riding a shock-absorbing carriage is so comfortable. Many noble family members started to ride horse-drawn carriages, walk around, and even engage in parties between ladies. Of course, it also means to show off your own carriage.For example, the family members of some families who received the Marin reward often ran to the homes of the good sisters who were not rewarded with a shock-absorbing carriage, and invited the good sisters to ride a comfortable shock-absorbing carriage together. Then, looking at the envious eyes of the good sister with great enjoyment.The most important thing is that the shock-absorbing carriage cannot be copied by others. Some blacksmiths did begin to imitate Marin's shock absorbers and came up with springs. However, they are springs wound with ordinary iron, not even steel. Then, the shock-absorbing carriages in those cottages worked well for the first few times. After using them a few times, the springs deformed or broke directly, almost causing serious accidents. The deformed spring can no longer provide shock absorption. As a result, the cottage's shock-absorbing carriages quickly withdrew from the market ...Marin's carriages are not only of good quality, they also indicate the maximum load capacity of each carriage. Because the maximum weight of a carriage can not exceed 1.5 tons. Therefore, after each carriage is sent out, Marin will use 1.5 tons to subtract the weight of the carriage, mark the maximum number of pounds, and warn the user not to overload, otherwise the shock absorber will fail. In addition, because the spring does not prevent rust, it usually needs more oil for protection. Once the spring has rusted, it needs to be replaced in time. Otherwise, rusted spring steel is also easy to break ...
